Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten - 802 Words

Alexander Keyssar’s Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten Amanda Collier ENG/215 September 3, 2012 Bruce Massis In this writing the classical principles of argumentation – Ethos, Pathos, and Logos will be observed as it is used in â€Å"Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten by Alexander Keyssar.† These arguments are used to persuade the reader to think that the writer’s ideas are the best ideas. Before going into whether or not Keyssar used these principles in his writing, it is important to understand what each of the three principles mean. In the principle of Ethos, or ethical appeal, it is used to persuade the audience or reader of the authors creditability. The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes Ethos†¦show more content†¦Keyssar used words such as poverty, and race to appeal to the reader’s emotions. Saying that the victims of Katrina had to endure things such as rape and violent treatments in the shelters made them look like outsiders in their own country. An example of Ethos was used when Keyssar argued that Americans mainly ignored the realit y of the poor in New Orleans; with our â€Å"land of SUVS and hedge funds† there is powerful news footage and major news magazines (such as the New York Times). He is making the reader believe in his credibility because people believe in such sources, as they are considered very credible. Logos principle is applied by discussing the FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and their inability to respond effectively to the people after the storm. Keyssar says that unlike the disasters, poverty is not technical and should be approached comprehensively. This played on people’s reasoning and logic. As a historian, Keyssar has taught and written about poverty in the United States. He is highly respected because of his expertise. When he writes about theShow MoreRelatedReminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten992 Words   |  4 PagesDogs vs. Cats Patricia M. Lassiter COM170 August 28, 2012 Christina Wilson Dogs vs. Cats In 1988, a survey was conducted to determine the percentage of pets of the US households at the time owned a pet, compared to the 63 percent of present day households that own a pet, with 45 percent owning more than one pet. (The Pet Set is Roaring Rich and Purring Profits. (2007). Souvenirs, Gifts, amp; Novelties, 46(5), 108-134). Pets can be a big part of a family’s life. Depending onRead MoreEssay about Classical Principles or Arguementation805 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentation In the essay â€Å"Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten† the author Alexander Keyssar uses classical principles of argumentation. He uses ethos, which is the character of the speaker; he uses logos, which is an appeal based on logic or reason; and he uses pathos, which is an appeal based on emotions. His piece is over poverty and what came from Hurricane Katrina and the aftermath for the people. He also discusses what other events in history have contributed to poverty, and how nothing is beingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Salvage The Teeth Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesilluminated the struggle of poverty in a way that would pull at the reader, enticing them to question how and why this epidemic still exists in modern-day America. Just like a hurricane unapologetically rips through homes, leaving people without food, shelter, and a hope to survive, so does poverty. However, there is an innate resilience in those who find a way to endure, despite the unpredictable present and future. This novel gives its reader a bleak reminder of those forgotten; those who reside on theRead MoreThe Outsiders : A Book With A Meaning1566 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems and a piece of literature that can do that is the novel written by S.E. 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At the time, communism was an alluring option to many Eastern European countries, promising results of unification and equalityRead MoreThe Outsiders Rough Draft Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems and a piece of literature that can do that is the novel written by S.E. Hinton, The Outsiders.In her novel Hinton, writes about two socioeconomic classes, the greasers and the Socs, who live their lives on the two ends of social status, near-poverty and full on rich, respectively.The cloak of money shields both sides to understand the others problems and the society is unable to take off the cloak as well. The novel is also a good eye-opener to how social,emotional,and economic forces can shapeRead More50 Essays Discussion Questions2127 Words   |  9 Pagespolitical opinions will continue to progressi vely be suppressed. 2. â€Å"Serving in Florida† Question 2 In the essay â€Å"Serving in Florida†, Barbara Ehrenreich describes individuals she works with through direct comparisons of how they adapt to survive in poverty. Ehrenreich speaks with her co-worker Gail, who is â€Å"thinking of escaping from her roommate by moving into the Days Inn† which is 40 to 60 dollars a day, forcing Ehrenreich to reflect on her own living situation, only â€Å"made possible by the $1,300 [she]Read More`` Tobacco Road `` By Erskine Caldwell1974 Words   |  8 PagesLester family goes through a lot in a one week span. Through the struggles with poverty and barely surviving life. This family shows that the wants are much more profitable in the long hall. As the story continues, a tragic reality check come upon this Lester family. In Tobacco Road, Caldwell illustrates how both poverty and lust causes conflict based on the choices one makes in an attempt to make life better. Poverty is a lifestyle that can be changed by simply the choices one makes. Toward the endRead MoreThe Apartheid Of The South African Apartheid Essay2149 Words   |  9 Pagesunbeknownst to the recipient. Due to many unable to pay â€Å"road-allowance† homes they were denied education and became further subdued and political powerless. From 1885 onwards was known as the forgotten years. Many of the Metis people whom had suffered greatly by being connected to the stereotypes, racism, poverty and demoralization of being a Metis tried to deny their heritage (Sawchuk, 1985). Land claims, treaty right and reserve systems have been negotiated throughout time for various aboriginalRead MoreMajor Works Data Sheet Name3634 Words   |  15 PagesAmir s relationship is broken. Amir cannot stand seeing Hassan because he reminds him of his guilt. So Amir plants his father s watch under Hassan s pillow. He tells Baba he stole it. However, Hassan admits to it. Ali and Hassan then leave. -War soon strikes Afghanistan. So Baba and Ali escape to Pakistan. They then leave for America. -While living in California, Baba and Amir visit a flea market every weekend. At the flea market, Amir notices a girl Soraya. They fall in love. Suddenly, Baba is

Historical Accuracy of Gone with the Wind Essay - 1145 Words

HIS-112 | Gone With The Wind | Directed by Victor Fleming; 1939 | Starring:Vivian Leigh as Scarlet O’HaraClark Gable as Rhett Butler | Mattie Seidel | 3/30/2012 | Gone with the Wind On December 15, 1939 a movie was released in Atlanta, GA that would forever change how people saw the Old South. This movie quickly became a smash hit and went on to become the #1 movie of all time and still holds the title, as we were reminded of at the Oscars last year. The movie was Gone with the Wind. It was directed by Victor Fleming, and based off of the book written by Margaret Mitchell. This movie was made to portray one of the most difficult times in American History, and it shows the struggle America went through during the†¦show more content†¦This movie shows all of the horrible things that are incorporated with war, in excruciating detail. At one point in the movie Scarlet has to witness a man get his leg amputated with no anesthesia, or anything for pain at all due to lack of funds, and lack of ability to get the medicines that were necessary. The accuracy of the film though is somewhat biased. The book was written by a southern woman, and fr ankly I’m sure had some resentment towards the North, she wrote this book glamorizing the South and making the North look horrendous. They were fighting to free slaves, whereas the South wanted to keep their slaves. The movie for the most part only seems to portray slaves with kind master and the truth of the matter is, no matter how good and kind the master was, the black people were slaves. They were considered property and as such, could be bought, sold, used and abused, and treated like cattle, not people. The slaves were not free. They had no legal rights, because they were not a person under the law. Their owners had complete control of their lives. They were not free to go anywhere or do anything without their master’s approval. The master had the right to separate husband and wife, parents and children. It was very rare that an entire slave family would remain intact. There was always the fear of being sold. Because of death or bankruptcy, families were separat ed and sold to fulfillShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Civil War1627 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War was the slavery disagreement considering that as one can pinpoint an individually important causal factor. The debate over the causes of the war is evident both in academics and in popular culture. When Margaret Mitchell published Gone with the Wind in 1936, and when the movie version was produced three years later, there were still people living that had experienced the War between the states. The culture of racism and the mythology of the antebellum South as some sort of very culturallyRead MoreGone With the Wind Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesGone with the Wind, was published in May 1936. The author, Atlanta born, Margaret Mitchell won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her efforts. The novel was the first and only published novel of her career. Miss Mitchell was a storyteller from the time she could speak. She enjoyed writing stories and plays. She would cast herself and her friends in the different roles. She lived in Atlanta all of her life and she was enchanted in the history of the city. Miss Mitchell was influenced by the storiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 11 87 Words   |  5 Pagesand attitudes which resemble an historical Mammy figure in one or more aspects. For this reason the film has been criticised for continuing the attitude toward African-Americans and the glorification of slavery as exemplified in the role of the Mammy. 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Rather, it requires a story that highlights key elements of the period involved while containing nothing that could neverRead MoreFilm Review: Lackawanna Blues1186 Words   |  5 Pagesnurturing, but the erratic presence of his mother, Bills constant womanizing, and the responsibility of managing a house of misfits is both educational and disheartening. Junior blossoms in this environment out of choice, much like Scarlet in Gone with the Wind, Jack Dawson in Titanic, and William Wallace in Braveheart. The need to survive is matched by the need to remember all that has been observed. In Juniors case, it is the observation of true human nature. Based on the autobiographical, one-manRead MoreThe Case Of Amelia Earhart1547 Words   |  7 PagesBecause of the dangers of misinformation, learning how to investigate and not rely upon generalizations and conspiracies about historical events and people is necessary in an age where instant information is a best seller. 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To answer these questions, five variables will be taken into account when analyzing each of the 125 golfers: Total mon ey earned by individuals, their scoring average, average driving distance (DrDist), driving accuracy percentage (DrAccu), and percentage of greens in regulation (GIR). Through an analysis of these variables, one should be able to interpretRead More Roger Malvin’s Burial and History Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pageshad among his forbears a â€Å"witch-hanging judge and the Quaker-whipping Major† (30). This is a reference to one instance of historical allusion in Hawthorne’s short stories. This essay will explore a variety of historical incidences referred to in his short story, â€Å"Roger Malvin’s Burial.† Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† states the author’s deep historical ties: William Hathorne was a colonial magistrate involved in the persecution of Quakers, another Protestant religious group

Income statement Free Essays

The Gamester trade-in model Is relatively seamless and allows the company to maintain a negative working capital balance that outpaces any big-box specialty retailer† (Morrison, 2014). As I worked throughout this assignment I referenced three financial reports in order to gain a better understanding of Game Stop Corporation’s financial position: 2012 Game Stop Annual Review, Hoofs Game Stop Income Statement, and Y Charts GEM Statement of Cash Flows. I have two sons and they are avid gamer and Game Stop Rewards hat receives an abundance of dollars of my income each year. We will write a custom essay sample on Income statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Game Stop Competitive Position In terms of competitiveness is that Game Stop Corporation holds a superior advantage against most of their competition in the electronic software retail market. By taking a look at the attached spreadsheet we can come to this conclusion by looking at the volume of sales and net income of the company. Game Stop generates more than four times the amount of income and revenue than that of Play n’ Trade, their closest competitor. Game Stop first went public in August of 2001 , after recording over 200 million dollars in sales the previous year. Prior to producing an initial public offering Barnes and Nobles Inc. Agreed to purchase 66. 3 percent of all Game Stop Corp.. (GEM) class B stocks; which represents over 92 percent of the voting shares of all GEM common stock. This move made Game Stop and all subsidiary stores (Baggage’s and Software Etc. ) a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes and Nobles Inc. (Game Stop, 2013). In respects to free cash flow Game Stop spent $680,000 more than it brought in during fiscal year 2011. Although the company is in the red in this department, the active number does not necessarily denote poor operations on the part of the company. Sometimes a company needs to spend to expand its business, and we are all familiar with the term â€Å"It takes money to make money’. This is most likely the case with Game Stop as the organization has expanded its footprint to include operations in Canada, China, Japan, and more than 100 European locations. Taking this into account I would consider the organization to be in a good relative cash position, as they seem to efficiently use their cash and assets in order to expand their operations n hopes of reaching new markets to generate more revenue (Game Stop, 2013). How to cite Income statement, Papers Income statement Free Essays The following set of numbers represents my net operating cash flow: IQ -$339,925, Q -$108,188 Q -$42,128, Q $197,078. Based on my pro-formula cash flow which were for IQ -$339,925, Q – $108,792 Q -$109,915, Q $539,469, and going back and understanding the concept of pro-rata formula and budgets, I was not successful in implementation of these concepts. The reason being is that my projections in comparison of my results, I was if by $342,391. We will write a custom essay sample on Income statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first three quarters it appears that my decisions were successful as my results were beating my projections, but by making the decision to â€Å"throw all my chips in† I did not apply any decision making strategy, which proved to hurt my results. I definitely think that if I were to complete the simulation again I would be able to apply pro-formula statements and budgets successfully, with knowledge, throughout all four quarters. In successfully applying the pro-formula concept; I would have been able to take my numbers end from the previous quarter, such as inventory, accounts receivable, and fixed assets, and used my computer based so, I could make any necessary adjustments, like reduce my manufacturing costs or increase production and marketing costs to have a better bottom line at the end of that quarter. This process would have allowed me to make logical and intentional decisions had I fully understood the concept during the simulation. 2. A. The Just in Time approach was designed and first implements by the Toyota manufacturing company in Japan. It’s entire purpose and concept is to optimize the production process while eliminating waste. Waste is considered to be things such as, but not limited to; cost of inventory, defective items, and the time an employee sends waiting for equipment or supplies to come in (Roy, 2005, p. 160-161). The following are the results for each quarter in regards to my ending inventory; IQ O Q 23 Q 113 Q 0. The fact that my ending inventory increased each quarter shows that I really wasn’t quite sure what I was doing, but after reviewing the lessons, I realize that my increase in ending inventory ended up costing the company money. The way that I could have implemented the Just in Time approach, is to better understand what the actual demand for my product was and then to adjust my production levels based on the actual sales of the previous quarter. If I were able to implement the approach, I would have been able to set my base production level lower than what my projections were incase sales dropped, but then if I were to seeing sales pick up, I could increase my production and order supplies as necessary. This would greatly increase my operational efficiency as it would reduce my ending inventory and only be ordering and using the supplies needed, thus reducing the cost and time to the customer and increasing my profits and customer satisfaction. B. Lean Operations being externally and have a more central focus on the customer, meaning that the process can be optimized by adjusting operations and processes based on a customer perspective (Higher, Render, 2011, p 636). Unfortunately due to my confusion during the simulation I did not apply the concept. If I had been able to apply the concepts though I would have developed a system that could have allowed me to better predict my customers’ wants rather than guessing as well as putting my clients’ needs first. The first way that I could have been successful is Just by simply choosing the correct target audience. In doing so, I could’ve saved a lot of time and money on marketing and focused those resources into activities that would further support and enhance my business. Since the overall goal of lean operations is to remove all non-value add activities, if I were able to implement this strategy, I would have been much more successful as my cost would be lower as well as had higher sales results based on better customer satisfaction. All of this would in turn allow my business to be running closer to optimum operational efficiency. . Work cells allow a single product to be developed further in stage by a single machine/area and don’t require movement to a separate location to continue development. This is generally an automated process done so by machines, which the newer machines can be combined with older ones, therefore reducing the company’s need to replace expensive machinery more frequently. There is great benefit to this process as it eliminates the buildup of inventory at various parts to their next phase in completion. Cost would also be reduced as work cells typically require fewer workers, thus reducing labor costs. In the simulation, since my product had so many different parts and assembly requirements, work cells would greatly benefit this type of industry as the individual parts can all be assembled in separate work cells and then brought together for final assembly. While initially my cost with straight line production are lower as it requires less training and less accountability of the employees, work cells would end up being cheaper in the long run. The simulation also did not account for employee happiness which work cells would have a direct effect on. Due to employees being less engaged ND not being required to be accountable for the products quality in a straight line production, they would be unhappy with work and in turn be less productive. By implementing work cells, I would create a sense of pride and empowerment in the employees thus improving productivity as well as quality. I would also be able to hold the separate cells accountable for their finished products and praise where appropriate or reprimand when necessary. By using work cells, I would be completely content with paying a larger cost initially to increase productivity and quality in the Eng run; thus after a certain amount of time, work cells would actually be cheaper and save the company money and inevitably increase profits. 4. As previously stated, my decisions during the simulation were not based on any definite rational as I became lost and confused rather quickly, but I am able to look back on the simulation and consider it more as a what-if and apply the safety stock concept in theory. In the simulation, since the company was a new business, safety stock would have been a very useful concept to utilize. At the beginning all of my projections were Just hat, projections, they were not founded on historical numbers. By apply the safety stock concept; I would have given myself the appropriate safety net to allow for my projections to align with the actual demand of the product without any interruption to manufacturing. When reviewing my ending inventory for each quarter, I have come to the conclusion that I ended up with too much safety stock and incurred more carrying costs than were necessary. I could have decreased my production, thereby reducing my ending inventory, and lowering my carrying costs. 5. My preferred mutinous improvement program that I would have liked to implement in my company would be Six Sigma. I like this program as it provides a comprehensive, thorough investigation into all aspects of the company and focuses specifically on taking past errors and identifying how they could have been prevented. Particularly in the simulation the first area I would have evaluated and fixed would be management. The company would have fared much better had I been in partnership with an individual who had a better knowledge base and understanding of how to run a company. By applying Six Sigma though, it allows the focus to be placed on one rear of the business at a time, and then while the next area is being evaluated, the previous one is able to begin implementing the recommendations, based on the finds that came out of its own evaluation. How to cite Income statement, Papers

Branding On Consumer Purchase Decision UAE †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Branding On Consumer Purchase Decision UAE? Answer: Introducation The modern times exhibit significant transformations in the marketing strategies used by companies to become more competitive and ensure their survival in turbulent markets. Customers today are living in a world where product and service purchases are constant and enormous. The success and survival of organizations are reliant on the amount of information which is collected meticulously by companies regarding buying habits of their existing and potential customers. For long term sustenance, firms are interested in building powerful brands which result in enduring customer relations (Iqbal, 2014). In the cluttered environment of today, customers have become overwhelmed with variety. An average supermarket has nearly 45,000 products. An average buyer purchases nearly 50 products in 50 minutes. Customers, therefore, need to weigh around 900 products every minute (Sharma, 2015). For obtaining a complete understanding of customer choice, it is important to comprehend the underpinning psychological factors which stimulate those decisions, i.e. the unconscious and conscious elements which impact decision making. Varied branding practices can impact customer choice in myriad ways (Kotler and Keller, 2009). Firstly, branding can impact whether customers notice an item or not, i.e. the level of attention paid to that product. Secondly, branding can also impact whether and how fast customers distinguish a product. Rationale for the study Comprehending this crucial role of branding in consumer purchase decision making is the main issue to be researched in the current study. This study is perfectly timed for two reasons. Firstly, current evolutions in behavioural and brain sciences have grown our comprehension of how the mind collects and stores information and how decisions are made. While in the earlier days, scholars had to depend on questioning customers opinions, it is now possible to delve deeper to identify the decision-making process, which the customers are not even conscious of. Secondly, a better comprehension of the impacts of branding on customer purchase decision is especially relevant in light of present legal considerations and public policy. With restrictions on some type of branding and stringent regulations in some categories, companies are keen to know how such modifications will affect their choice and eventually sales. Besides legislation, companies also encounter another threat, i.e. copycat bran ding. It is still not comprehended how and whether copycat branding influences customer choice. Research Aims The present research intends to explore the role of branding using meticulous qualitative and quantitative techniques, underlined by a comprehension of customer decision making. The study will be carried out in relation to the branding of packaged products in the UAE retail industry, Lulu to be specific. The main aim of the present study is to identify the impact of branding on decision making. This impact will be examined in three areas which also form the objectives of this research. To identify the effect of reduced branding on customer decision making and choice When the level of branding on the packaging is decreased, what influence does it have on decision making? To determine the effect of higher non-branded information on customer decision making and choice What is the impact of non-branded information, like nutritional information, have on purchase decision? To examine the effect of copycat branding on customer decision making and choice When a company is almost similar to some renowned brand, does it impact consumer decision? To determine the strategies used by Lulu for branding Hypotheses of the study are: H1 Reduced branding negatively impacts customer decision making H2 Higher non-branded information positively affects customer decision making H3 Copycat branding negatively impacts customer decision making H4 Reference groups, age, emotional exploitation and cultural values and attitudes have a positive impact on purchase decisions. Characteristics of brand In accordance with the study of Malik (2013) every brand has its own characteristics for which customers are ready to pay the supreme amount to buy them. In this aspect Solomon (2014) had cited certain characteristics brought up with a brand as it is a product or a blueprint which has its own colour, size, shape and logo, and is expensively and proactively secured by an organization via legal ways. All well-known brands all around the world are protected and secured by law and regulations. It is the trademark which an organization doesnt operate with. In support of this fact Pappas (2016) had said that a brand contains some category for a targeted audience such as upper and lower category of products in that order. In the same way, there is the brand of Axe deodorant and perfumes particularly for youngsters and the items of angry birds brand for kids. A brand can also be used for security against financial obligations, and further can be a deal as an asset. Significance of brand A brand plays a range of importance to the organization as well as the buyers. It is inclusive of the following; branding assists the seller to section markets the best example is Toyota as it offers brands like Scion, Lexus and Toyota brands are supported by sub brands like Matrix, Cruiser, Tundra, Prius, Yaris, and Camry. As per viewpoint of Albert and Merunka (2013) branding assist in adding value to goods and services. Customers attach significance to brands and improve the relationship with the brand. Such as most customers notice a Voltic water bottle as a premium product whiles the same water in another bottle will be considered as an inferior product. Brands also represent product offerings and class, customers who always buy the similar brand are well known for the quality they get. Impact of brand on consumer behaviour In accordance with the study of Pappas (2016) consumer behaviour is driven by many factors but the brand is one of the primary and crucial factors. In support of this argument, the study of () shows that according to the dimensions of consumer behaviour, the consumer may be loyal to a specific brand. The success of any brand depends on brand loyalty as market share is increased with the help of loyal consumers. The cost company has to invest in making new customer loyal is five times more than the cost incurred in retaining the existing and current consumers. The significant factor for success is the competitive edge that loyal consumers can provide consumers. As per the viewpoint of Raheem and co-authors (2014), association and recognition are two important terms that define loyalty. Consumer Loyalty towards a particular brand means that the individual prefers that brand upon other brands and is buying it for many years. Due to individuals attachment and satisfaction from a particular brand, they will constantly buy products of that brand irrespective of price and available options. In contrary to this Malik and co-authors (2013) states that innovation is a very important factor to compete with the other brands in this growing pace of globalization and competition. In todays world, the new trend of fashion is the usage of different brand products. In support of this argument, the study of Solomon (2014) states that many consumers brand creates a sense of status consciousness which results in creating a sense of recognition. The connection to a particular brand which is mostly used by a person gives them a sense of pleasure. People are becoming brand conscious in probably all segments. For example, the food they eat, clothes they wear, and even the decorating items displayed at home are branded. So, status and conspicuous consumption are the factors that can affect consumer behaviour. In this aspect, Iqbal (2014) had stated that the expensive and the branded products are used by the consumers to show their status. Status brands include the brands that show the luxury, power and wealth of the consumer. Research Design and Methodology Interpretivism research philosophy will be used in the present study. This paradigm will help the researcher in interpreting elements of the research. This philosophy works on the premise that access to reality is possible only via social constructions like instruments, shared meaning, consciousness and language. This paradigm is proposed for adoption because it is important to appreciate the personal, behavioural, cultural and attitudinal differences among customers. In addition to this, such type of a study has a high degree of validity as data collected and analyzed tend to be honest and reliable (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). Data will be collected through both primary and secondary research. Secondary research will be conducted by going through relevant journals, books, articles, survey results and related publications. Primary data will be collected by conducting interviews with customers visiting Lulu Mall. Non-probability sampling technique will be used given the nature of this research and under that convenience sampling method would be employed. The sample size is proposed to be 45 customers. Convenience sampling will be used not just because of its ease of use, but also because it will allow collecting basic trends and data relevant to the research without any complication of using a random sample. This technique will also help in recognizing any relationship among varied phenomena (Collins, 2010). The data so collected will be analyzed quantitatively as it will provide detailed outcomes. The main limitation of the study is time. Due to a shortage of time, the sample size will be kept small and the scale of the study will also not be huge. The main ethical aspect required to be considered while collecting primary data is that the respondents should be ensured about the privacy and confidentiality of their information and responses. Moreover, they must be briefed beforehand about the nature and purpose of the study. Resources required for completing the proposed research include time, money, books, journals, the internet, computer and access to online libraries. Time table and References Activities/ Time in weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Formulation of research idea Analysis of feasibility of research work Finalization of title Preparation of draft Description of research objectives and research questions Designing a literature review Conducting primary study through collection of data Analysis the collected data Presentation of findings and conclusions Proof reading of report Final submission References Albert, N. and Merunka, D., 2013. The role of brand love in consumer-brand relationships.Journal of Consumer Marketing,30(3), pp.258-266. Collins, H., 2010. Creative Research: The Theory and Practice of Research for the Creative Industries. AVA Publications. Iqbal, M., 2014. The Impact of Branding on Consumer Buying Behavior. International Journal of Technology and Research. Kotler, P. and Keller, K., 2009. Marketing management. 13th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Malik, M.E., Ghafoor, M.M., Iqbal, H.K., Ali, Q., Hunbal, H., Noman, M. and Ahmad, B., 2013. Impact of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior.World Applied Sciences Journal,23(1), pp.117-122. Pappas, N., 2016. Marketing strategies, perceived risks, and consumer trust in online buying behaviour.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,29, pp.92-103. Raheem, A.R., Vishnu, P. and Ahmed, A.M., 2014. Impact of product packaging on consumers buying behavior.European Journal of Scientific Research,122(2), pp.125-134. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2012. Research Methods for Business Students. 6th edition. Pearson Education Limited. Sharma, E., 2015. How Does Branding Impact Consumer Purchase Decisions? [Online]. Available through: https://www.brandanew.co/how-does-branding-impact-consumer-purchase-decisions/. [Accessed on 15th September 2017]. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Identofy the Main Types of State and Independant Schools Essay Example

Identofy the Main Types of State and Independant Schools Essay 1 Identify the main types of state and independent schools. * Primary * Grammar * Comprehensive * Religious * Voluntary aided * Voluntary controlled * Specialist * SEN * Academies 1. 2 Describe the characteristics of the different types of schools in relation to educational stage(s) and school governance. Primary, Secondary and Grammar schools are all governed by the Local Education Authority (LEA). These schools determine their own admissions policy. Local groups such as childcare classes and adult education may develop the use of the school facilities. Foundation schools (such as religious schools) are not run by the LEA but by their own governing body. This governing body determines its own admissions policy in consultation with the LEA. The governing body or a charitable foundation will own the schools, the land and buildings. As these schools are not governed by the LEA they have to buy in any support services. The decision on becoming a trust school will be made by the governing body and consultation with parents. There are two types of voluntary schools, voluntary aided and voluntary controlled. Voluntary aided schools are mainly faith or religious schools although pupils of any religion can attend. Much like a foundation school they are run by their own governing body, although the buildings and land are normally owned by a charity or organisation. These schools are funded partly by the LEA which will provide support services. Voluntary controlled schools are very similar to voluntary aided schools, although they are funded and run by the local authority. The local authority will employ the staff and provide support services. We will write a custom essay sample on Identofy the Main Types of State and Independant Schools specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Identofy the Main Types of State and Independant Schools specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Identofy the Main Types of State and Independant Schools specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A charity, which is often a religious organisation, will usually own the land and buildings. Specialist schools are generally secondary schools that have applied for specialist status to develop one or two subject specialisms. They will receive additional funding from the government for this. Special schools can also apply for specialist school status to be given for a special educational needs (SEN) specialism under one of the four areas of the SEN Code of Practice. (Burnham etal, 2010, page 73) Academies are set up by sponsors from businesses and are independently managed schools which jointly fund the buildings and land. They are not maintained by the LEA but have close links with it. Private Independent Schools are funded by fees paid by parents and also income from investments, gifts and charitable endowments which sets them apart from the local authority. This means that just over half of independent schools have charitable status, meaning they can claim tax exemption. The Head Teacher and governors decide on the admissions policy and they do not have to follow the National Curriculum. These schools are obliged to register with the Department for Education (DfE) so that they can be monitored on a regular basis by the Independent Schools Incorporate (ISI) 2. 1 Describe roles and responsibilities. School Governors School Governors are made up of a variety of different people who will link somehow to the school and also the local community. They are generally in a team of 10 to 12 people and they have the responsibility of running the school. In addition to the Head Teacher there should be at least one staff governor and at least one parent governor. There can also be a support staff governor. There will also be a local authority (LA) governor who will be appointed by the LA, and a local community governor who generally works or lives in the community served by the school. Governors work closely with the Senior Management Team and the Head Teacher. Governors are based on various committees which are responsible for various areas of school management for example, personal issues or the school site. They will meet in the committees and then report back to the full governing body. Their main duties are: to set aims and objectives for the school. * to adopt new policies for achieving the aims and objectives. * to set targets for achieving the aims and objectives. (Burnham etal, 2010, page 74). Senior Management Team The schools SMT (sometimes known as Senior Leadership Team) works closely with the Head Teacher. In a primary school the team will usually consist of more experienced staff who have management positions (i. e. Deputy Hea d, SENCO and Foundation Stage Leader. In a secondary school it may also include a year group leader or subject area leaders. During their meetings which are held on a regular basis they discuss any arising issues and make decisions concerning implementation of the school improvement plan and the running of the school. It is also their duty to discuss how best to share this information with teachers and support staff. SENCO Having a Special Educations Needs Co-ordinator in a school is a legal requirement along with a Head Teacher and a Deputy Head. Another statutory role in a primary school is a Foundation Stage Manager. The SENCO is responsible for monitoring and managing the provision for pupils with pecial educational needs. Their duties will include liaising with other professionals and parents with regard to pupils with special educational needs, providing support and advice, ensuring that all relevant background information about individual children with special educational needs is collected, updated and recorded, ensuring Individual Education Plans are in place. An Individual Education Plan has targ ets and planned strategies that are implemented for pupils with special educational needs. Teachers Every teacher has the responsibility for the preparation and planning of the curriculum for their class. This will usually be for all subjects under the National Curriculum in a primary school. They will also usually have another area of responsibility in the school such as being a member of the senior Management Team. In every school each subject will need to be represented so there is a person responsible for it. In smaller schools that have fewer teachers, staff may be responsible for two or three subjects each. They will need to know of any developments to the curriculum in their area and in staff meetings feed back this information. The local authority will arrange subject leader forums which they will be expected to attend. They will also need to be available to offer support and advice to other teachers in their subject and also teach pupils in accordance to their educational needs, together with communicating and consulting with parents. Teaching Assistant A teaching assistant will be strongly guided by the teacher. They will be expected to plan and prepare work alongside the teacher, assess pupils work, support learning activities as directed by the teacher, report any queries or problems to the teacher, and to give feedback to the teacher after planned activities. Other Support Staff There are a number of other support staff roles that ensure the effective running of a school such as midday supervisors who ensure the smooth running of eating areas and playgrounds, care takers who ensure the school and its grounds are clean and safe, office staff who deal with the administrative ide of things within a school, late arrivals etc. 2. 2Describe the roles of external professionals who may work with a school. Schools have a wide range of external professionals who work on a regular basis such as: Educational Psychologist These are allocated through the local Special Educational Needs department and will provide assessments and observations to pupils who have additional needs. Speech and Language Ther apist Most Speech and Language Therapists (SLT) are based an at alternative location outside the school but will come into school to work with children, teachers and parents. They will work with pupils on speech, language and communication problems. Specialist Teacher Specialist teachers may attend schools for a variety of different needs such as behaviour support, social and communication needs for example autism, and English as an additional language needs. They will offer advise and support to pupils. Education Welfare Officer The Education Welfare Officer (EWO) is usually based within the local authority. They visit schools and work with the Head Teacher monitoring pupil attendance and providing support around absenteeism if there are any issues. They are also involved in working with parents to help and support excluded pupils on their return to school. School Improvement Partner School Improvement Partners (SIP) work alongside the local education authority and support Head Teachers at looking at ways of developing the school through both the school self-evaluation (a document that looks at and evaluates the school’s progress) and pupil attainment and progress. Academic factors are focused on as well as looking at extended school provision (out of school activities such as after school, breakfast clubs) and parent liaison. Physiotherapists/Occupational therapist Although these healthcare professionals do not work in schools they may be asked to attend for meetings and discussions relating to pupils who they see outside school. Teachers may also visit schools other than the ones they work in for meetings such as ‘cluster groups’. These are useful meetings and are to encourage teachers who have similar roles to meet and discuss their ideas and practices. 3. 1Define the meanings of Aims and Values. Aims Most schools will have their particular aims/visions within their prospectus and in other school literature. It will state what the school sets out to achieve and is usually set by the Head Teacher, with input from staff, parents and the community. Values The values of a school can be described as it’s moral code or ethos in which pupils as well as staff are expected to adhere to. Although each schools values may differ slightly they will generally include things such as respects for self and others, respects for property etc. Bibliography Louise Burnham, Brenda Baker, 2010, Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools, Level 2 Certificate, Harlow, Essex, Heinemann. www. direct. gov14. 10. 12

Counselling Assignment Essays

Counselling Assignment Essays Counselling Assignment Essay Counselling Assignment Essay Essay Topic: 12 Angry Men It is a vital function of our memory systems. It also helps people to connect and relate with each other. However, stereotyping can also be based on assumptions and presumptions about people Which leads to sentimentalism and can result in a bypass Of the counselors capacity for empathy. As such, it is highly relevant to the counseling experience. Stereotypes are not fresh or born of the present moment and tend to reduce the dull humanity of a person and obscure the bigger picture. Rather than deny that we make assumptions and operate from stereotypes, our tutors have proposed that it is much more healthy and lawful to the counseling process for the counselor to be aware of any stereotypes they might have. The value of recognizing a stereotype is that it trees both parties from inauthentic relating. I would guess that the more difference there is between the client and the counselor, the more likely a stereotype is to exist, To assess the worth or quality of the relevance of stereotyping and see both the strengths and weaknesses Of it, Will take the following examples. As a counselor, would first Of all need to be very aware Of my own personal stereotyping. For instance, do hold the view that young people in their ass are too young to fully appreciate or relate to the value of money, This impedes me from being able to see the true values that a young client would be putting on money. They might not he able to organize their money or plan for things they want to do in the future due to inexperience, and they might need some help in this area, but the judgment would be holding would not let me see this need. The relevance of stereotyping comes from people observing patterns of human nature in other people and perhaps in themselves. The danger of it being a shorthand is that it can mean e objectify other people and do not allow ourselves to have a direct fresh up-to-date heartfelt relationship With the person Who we are relating With. As a counselor to a young person in their ass, I would need to find simple open questions that allowed the client to explore his relationship with money. I might also reveal my own struggles With money management, in order to create empathy. Our tutors pointed out that honoring difference, valuing differences, can deepen the connection or bond between counselor and client by deepening the capacity for empathy. Personally, I feel I dont carry any prejudices about people?s racial backgrounds. Ive traveled a lot in my life and found many ways to connect with people of different races. However because of difficulties have had while working in Scotland, do hold prejudices against Scottish people. The only strength or value I can see of holding this stereotype or prejudice about the Scottish national identity wool be if it were to be true for the client in any given moment. For instance, one aspect of this that I feel to be true is that Scottish people hold themselves to be different, and generally to be badly treated by their English neighbors. It could be helpful to assess freshly with the client the veracity of this particular stereotype. If the stereotype is actually true, for the client, then they can be c value for it. If it is not true, this might be an opportunity for empathy in connection with the client. Where stereotyping might make a valuable contribution is when it holds a truth for the client at that moment. If the client uses a stereotype to present themselves, and it is true, it is no longer a Stereotype. Many Scottish people have over the centuries been themselves victim of stereotyping and prejudice by the English neighbors. Discrimination. This is why they are unhappy about it. But to be on the receiving end of something that is historical and for which I have no responsibility for his painful and irksome and makes me feel somehow invisible and unvalued as a person with individuality and a contribution to make to the present moment. Also, if the client is presenting them selves and talking about themselves as a stereotype, almost as a cliche of themselves, it would be helpful to look at this in terms of symbiotic identification and individuation processes. A client who says L am like my ad, like my beer, I like my dinner on the table at 6 oclock, I like my women in short skirts and support Gaston Villa. Asking open questions that guide the client to an appreciation of the implicit exchange in his relationships might well be a challenge to somebody who has such a stereotypical view of himself. And to take another example, I would personally hold the news of a client revealing that she is pregnant to be positive. If a client, for instance, were to reveal that to me, and I were to automatically assume that this is good news for the client, I might miss attuning to her real feelings about eyeing pregnant. Being interested in her direct experience would be more helpful. So a question like L could imagine that this would be good news of some people but not so great for others, how is this news for you? Would help the counselor attune to the clients direct experience of being pregnant Language Issues. Assessing the worth or value of the relevance of language issues to the counseling process needs to be taken on a case-by-case basis. Competence in the shared language that the counseling process is conducted in would be an easy and comfortable assumption to make. The issue of the language that as used in the counseling process might be much less significant in cases where such spe cific circumstances were not present. But if the client is foreign, or has a stammer a stutter, or has been severely abused for speaking their mind, the counselor would need to take into account the specific circumstances in order to attune to the needs of their client. The impact of the act of speaking might be very emotionally charged in these cases, in which case the counselor would need to place a very high value and importance on the language that they used and the impact that the language had on their client. As well as the emotional processes that were engaged by the client when they begin to speak. The way a counselor speaks is also significant in the counseling process. If the counselor comes from a middle or upper class background, and speaks in a way that the client deems to be overly posh, it might be more difficult to establish a rapport with the client. Because the client might think that the counselor doesnt have the same problems and experiences and difficulties that they do. Have faced this particular difficulty myself when working as a supply teacher in a special needs school. The young students came from deprived working class families and they did not believe that I could understand their difficulties and that I would be judging them. This prejudice was difficult to overcome in the short time that I had to work with them. I personally remember seeing a Gestalt therapist about 25 years ago with the issue of language became very significant to me. I found him critical of me for using flowery language to describe my experience. This became one of the significant reasons why stopped working with him. Different Belief Systems. The area of religious belief can have a powerful impact on the way a client experiences their world. What affects the value is the strength with which the client holds to their belief systems. If the counselor is working with a person who has a strong belief in a Christian God, for instance, and they have experienced a tragic loss of their child, the client might be angry with God and suffer a crisis of faith because God has taken their child away from them, or on the other hand, might feel soothed and supported by a belief in a higher power that has a grand design for our lives. The counselor who does not respect such a faith will not be able to serve this client well. And if a unsolder who is not a Muslim is counseling a Muslim, it might be difficult for them to understand not only the religious but also the community links that are Muslim client might value. In this case it will be helpful for the counselor to be very direct about the differences and ask for the client to explain his own particular perspective. On the other hand, if the client does not hold beliefs that have been taken on from a religious code, it becomes important to look at the beliefs that the client has decided for themselves out Of their direct experience Of living in within their family and social culture. Family Structures. Neurologically, the family environment in which we grow up is immensely significant to the kind of person we become. Cannot evaluate the relevance of this theme of a family structures highly enough. I would value it as, generally, the highest of all influences. Mom from a small family, with one brother, one auntie and two cousins who live in Italy. I find it difficult to understand people who grow up in a large family and the need to make a particular effort to compensate for my lack of experience in this area. I even find it difficult to imagine how somebody makes decisions about their life in allegations to their families demands and pressures. The rules of a family, be they spoken or not, are u sually very powerful influences on the values and decision-making processes of the client. Particularly if the counselor is committed to exploring the implicit emotional experience of the client, and the client grew up in a family which didnt do emotions or feelings, the counselor would need to attune his challenges and support for the clients emotional journey to the capacities of the client to even feel their own emotions. Such a family would probably feel threatened by the values of a unsolder who emphasizes feelings more than the family culture does. I have a friend who is the eldest child in a family of five; her mum had five children with five different men, none of whom she married. And another friend who was the eldest child out of six children that her mother had. Her dad disappeared before he was 20, and the other five children were fathered by her stepfather. Both of my friends have issues of over-responsibility and difficulties to make decisions in their own self interest due to the family structure in which they grew up in. Conversely, I grew up in a male orientated Emily. My father and younger brother, and a pretty unfeminine mother. It feels to me that I have gone on a long journey to understand and appreciate to the degree I do now that women are wired very differently from men. Became most intimately aware of this when lived with a partner who had two daughters Of ages six and nine. Realized during the 4 years we were together just how differently girls grow up from boys, and how their whole perspective on life, the physical emotional and mental filters through which they view their experience of the moment, is so different from boys. And revises such different value systems from those of boys. Eel still have a lot to learn about gender differences but at least have become aware of the different priorities of men and women. The question asks me to evaluate the relevance of family structures in the counseling process. Personally would place a very high value on this, I can see no counter argument whereby family structures would not be significant in the counseling process. Fifth client I was counseling were to have a similar family structure to myself, that could be both simpler, but potentially more difficult, than somebody whose family Truckee was very different from my own. Simpler because I might have similar experiences to refer to in myself, but potentially more difficult because I might assume that my client would respond in the same way and develop themselves in a similar way to me. This would be a very dangerous presumption to bring into the counseling space. Family Life Experiences I have had a girlfriend who was Turkish. When she had been divorcing her husband, named Tail, all her family relatives and all his family relatives met for a very long meeting one night to discuss whether their marriage should continue or not. The counselor needs to understand how their clients decisions might be affected by the size of their family as well as the traditions of their religion or country of origin. During childhood we learn very powerful lessons about money, sex and power from how our parents relate to money sex and power, for example. If the counselor has had a difficult relationship with money, feeling they are not rewarded properly for instance, and they are counseling a client who has a lot of money or has inherited a lot of money, there may be particular challenges within that working relationship that the unsolder needs to be aware of. If the counselors own relationship with their sexuality as a heterosexual person has not being comfortable, due to their father coming out as gay half way through the counselors childhood, it might be difficult to counsel the client who might be deciding to relate more Openly to their previously suppressed homosexuality, and in particular how they might present this to any children they may have. I remember a close friend of mine during my university days, when I was 22, deciding that she needed to tell people that she was a lesbian. As the first person that she told. This was a very powerful and moving moment in her life. She was mainly terrified. A counselor might be the first person that young person shares what might have been a secret for them up until then. This will be a very significant opportunity for the coo nestles to develop trust with their client. And in terms of power, remember visiting a friend of mines family for New Years Eve meal, where perhaps 15 of their family w ere present. I noticed that no one in the family was willing to take the lead and make a decision about any shared activity that we would participate in that evening. Contrasted it to there families that have visited where them was one powerful leader of the group, or two or three family members who are quite capable of expressing their opinions on getting what they want in conflict and opposition with other family members. The relevance of family life experiences can mediate disability very significantly. I remember meeting a woman in her mid-ass who had a form of dwarfism. As I got to know her realism that she grew up in a really loving family is one of five children in Newcastle. She was passionate about her job, working in the job centre to support other people with usability and because she had had such a loving family environment she was able to face the difficulties common to all humans with many more resources than an able-bodied person who did not have such a loving family structure to support their development in their childhood. Unfortunately, due to her dwarfism, she unable to find a good man -? all the men I go out with are knobs was her precise phrase. I remember being very touched by her situation she clearly had so much love to give, and was so loved by her family, but due to her body shape she was unable to attract a man worthy of ere heart. As with the previous sub section to this question, I feel that family life experiences are highly relevant for both the counselor and the client. The main way that they become less relevant is for them to be shared openly, by the client in the counseling room, and by the counselor with their supervisor, if they are particularly triggered by this case; such sharing should allow for empathy to be created and the bond or connection between the counselor and client to be deepened. Learning Outcome Two. 2. 1 . Explain what is meant by cultural divisions and heritage. Cultural divisions offers to the way groups of people in a country feel affiliated to people who share specific aspects of their identity in terms of religion, culture, beliefs, national identity, class, the traditions of a family or a community, sexuality or the ethnic background in which they grow up. For instance the civil rights movement in USA divided the country along the lines of race or ethnic background. The issue of abortion creates conflict and division between those for and those against which can cause extreme violence and even homicide. Same sex marriage is another theme which can create cultural divisions thin a society. I am guessing the second part of the question refers to Cultural heritage. In which case this would refer to the way a religion, a national culture, a national identity, class or the traditions of a family or a community or sexuality or the ethnic background of a group within a larger society has historically influenced those groupings in a way which people either want to adhere to these values or want to break away from them. In Greece, for instance, pensions have traditionally been offering unsustainable levels of income (up to 90% sometimes) to the elderly because of the value Greeks place on their parental heritage. Religion endorses cultural heritage in the form of certain practices around the year Christmas, Ramadan, the Marching season in Northern Ireland, the Chinese New Year. Ways those groupings mourn and bury the dead. 2. 2. Using examples, analyses how the cultural heritage of clients might influence one-to-one counseling interactions. Religion. It feels easiest to me to begin with some more extreme examples. If the client had grown up in a family culture where religion was very important, can imagine that it might be difficult for them to find their own sense of self and orate decisions based on their own organic experience of their lives, as a humanist might. An obvious example might be someone growing up in a strongly Christian Bible-based religious community, which condemned homosexual activity, and that client would be homosexual. All sorts of conflicts and difficulties that arise as they repeat the injunctions against homosexual activity, and struggled to value their own sexual orientation. Personally, do not share the Christian injunctions against homosexual activity, and I believe it is important for where men and women to enjoy thee sexual preferences free of any dogma whatsoever. But Ive never had to experience the intense feelings of guilt and shame that can be felt by people whose family of origin takes a religious position against such a personal, intimate and private experience. A friend of mine grew up in her family of five; her father was a Protestant minister in France and a mother was heavily) involved in caring for the needs oftener Protestant community to the detriment of caring for the needs of her family. It was a family where person needs was sacrificed for the greater good of the community. 80th her father and mother had grown up as orphans, her father being 15 years old and the eldest son to 4 other children when his parents died. There was never any space for grieving the loss of his parents because of his position of responsibility. At the age of 22, her 29-year-old elder brother died on a Friday That Sunday he preached a sermon as usual and didnt mention the loss of his son. For my friend, this was something she finds very emblematic of her childhood circumstance and is unwilling to forgive her father for. In this fame circumstance grieving was not allowed due to the religious tenets and duties that the parents upheld. My friend hashed problems with asthma and her lungs since her adolescence. And is only recently embarking On a journey of individuation from the power of her familys belief systems are. Being unable to feel grief has contributed enormously to her difficulty to feel love and loving in her personal relationships. Since grief returns us back to our hearts Culture. Some estimates put the number of Polish people who have settled in the united Kingdom over the last 15 years at over 1 million. Many of these will have experienced their childhood under a communist regime, and virtually e of them will have had at least parent or grandparent rule has been severely affected by the Second World War. The individual and family trauma of experiencing war being waged in your own country, in your own town, around your own house, can only have a devastating effect on your capacity) to regulate your emotions, to share your emotions with other people, and etc parent your children; but this is something we as a human race are only just recently becoming aware of, and be able to address openly. And then to consider the national trauma of a country that lost 18% of its population in the Second World War. 18% is virtually one in five people; 6 1/2 million people dying and 27 million people surviving. How trauma is passed down from generation to generation as each tide faces the difficulties of human existence is something that I find very difficult to engage with; but imagine will at some point face working with people of Polish extraction. The challenges of working with people from Muslim Indian cultures would also b very interesting and challenging. I imagine that I would find it difficult to understand how somebody who grows up as one of eight children in a family Of, say, 12 uncles and aunties and 60 nephews and nieces. Member a Turkish tour guide I worked with for a number of months saying that the preference between Westerners and Turkish people is that we spend time alone and we make decisions alone. You live for yourselves, he said, We live for our families. He had an interesting cultural background himself, with his father being Muslim and his mother being Christian. They divorced very early after their marriage. Counseling him with his proclivity for young Russian prost itutes would be a very challenging experience. Beliefs. I happen to be associated through my role as step-parent with two people who have a very strong Christian faith; when they got married their wedding arts depicted 6,410 people walking on a path through clouds to some nebulous vision of heaven. With my own commitment to living in the present here and now, and an interest in a Gestalt approach to life, I can imagine it will be very difficult to work with people who believed that the most important thing in their lives was preparing for heaven, and that this life is merely a vale of tears that is preparing us for the promised land. Mind it difficult when people priorities their conceptual beliefs about other people in front of their heartfelt relationship with those other people. And discriminate against them. I can imagine it will be difficult to bring my own integrity forward in a way that respected their different approach, particularly children were involved. National Identity. I find people who are proud of their national identity rather boring and shallow. This is my own particular perspective. I know somebody who seems to believe that people who are English are just naturally better than people who are not. They have the English flag in their garden. I would want to direct their attention to personal differences and also to the way they use this stereotype to justify their choices and actions. American people tend to adore embody who speaks with a British accent and an American client might idols an English-speaking counselor in a way that will be detrimental to their own personal growth. They might project their positive virtues onto the counselor and the counselor would need to pay close attention to the power imbalance in these relationships. Class. I found myself liking to think that class is less significant in our society than it was when I was growing up 30 or 40 years ago. However, the sketch from TWO, That Was the Week that Was, with John Classes, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett, where each actor introduced themselves as upper middle ND lower class, in accordance with their physical stature, still has a lot of pertinence in our British society, I believe. People make choices about how safe they feel with, for instance, young men of a lower class. As a counselor personally I would feel threatened and afraid of somebody who might be intimidated by perceiving me is from a middle-class background; if they were strong vigorous and kinesthesia I would feel personally threatened by the potential of them to attack me. Conversely, have found people expect me to be wealthy, effective and successful in the ways of the world because they receive me to be well educated intelligent middle-class. Because these have not been my actual values it has been sometimes difficult to bring my experience of myself to them as am in the face of their expectations and presumptions and assumptions. The traditions of a family or a community. Patterns of attachment play out very strongly in family and community affiliations. To belong and be accepted by our family of origin and our community is one of the most powerful drives in our neurological destiny as human beings. Where each person falls either side of this has a massive impact on their identity and the way they live their lives and how the experience satisfaction in their lives. There tend to be two main options within this frame: either one is basically successfully valued and accepted within the family of origin and community, or one falls on the other side of this pattern of identification and forms a sense of self in opposition to what outside the family or community groups. If one ends up on the inside track, the client might be identified with upholding the values and rules of their parents and community. Im thinking of the way the politician Gordon Brown resented himself to the British people as somebody who followed the values of his family (his father was a minister in the Church of Scotland). He grew up as the middle son of three brothers and identified himself very closely with the values of his family and community. He experienced himself as a defender of these values on the world stage. The loss of these values was something that he felt deep concern about and expended most of his political life trying to avoid. And there will be many examples of clients who land on the other side of the tracks of their family and communities conditioning; reaps the son of successful pioneering surgeon who just wants to be a farmer, or an artistic young woman who wants to dance but grows up in a family of accountants, or a person who grows up in a family of bankers and wants to do humanitarian work in Africa. Sexuality. As young people grow up to discover and embrace their sexual self- expression, they will inevitably be comparing themselves to be compared to the sexual orientation of their parents and their community. Communities that have strong sexual codes such as those Muslim and Hindu cultures that support arranged marriage might be unwilling to accept the difference of a on or daughter with gay or lesbian interests. Or even a person with very little interest in creating a sexual connection with another person, or simply dont want to get married. Remember my own father saying how relieved he was that I am not gay. I remember the example off friend of mine whose marriage was falling apart; she was very unhappy with her husband, with whom she had a son, and there was a lot of pressure from friends and family to stick with the marriage. I remember saying to me that she sought out a counselor at this time because the counselor was the only person who didnt have any advice or any agenda for her. She had fallen in love with another man but was unable to share that with her family and community for fear Of their judgment and criticism. And this was an apparently liberal English community without any particularly strong religious affiliations. Ethnic Background ND. The ethnic background of both counselor and client will inevitably have a powerful influence on one-to-one counseling interactions. If both counselor and client are white Caucasians, it would be reasonable to expect that a significant amount of presumed values could be inferred, and would not necessarily need to be enquired into together. If the counselor were white and the client were black, the differences might be significant; and might turn around the perception of racial superiority and inferiority, or racial hatred, that both members of the process might have. I have heard black people complain about there not being enough black counselors for their race, and I have heard of clients making choices about who their counselor will be depending on their racial origin. Racial diversity seems to be less here in Devon than in the major cities of the United Kingdom; but if the client feels that the counselor is unable to hear them fairly without being viewed wrought a prejudicial lens, is unlikely that the counseling process will be successful. For either members of the exchange. The counselor will need to own the difference perspectives that their racial background brings into the space and check them out on a moment by moment basis with the client. Some clients might not be happy with the amount of time that is taken with this process may grow impatient with the counselor and with having to explain what seems obvious to them and their counselor. 2. 3. Using examples, evaluate how your own cultural heritage might impact on counseling interactions with clients. Religion. I grew up in a household with no particular religious orientation. My father believed that God had betrayed him (so he stopped believing in him) and my mother decided, after growing up in a Methodist family, that God did not exist, but the values of Methodism were wholesome and worth using as guidance for her life. As a child and as a teenager was interested in religions, particularly Buddhism. I was fortunate enough to visit India at the age of 20 and was very influenced by the experiences there which took me out of my cultural perspective and gave me something much wider, more open and interesting than I had ever experienced in England.

Biology - Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biology - Microbiology - Essay Example It is therefore essential to understand the microbes linked with the commodities we use in our everyday life. Microorganism vary widely in morphology displaying spherical, rod like or spiral shapes. One of the significant feature that is universal despite their appearances is they divide through binary fission. The cell grows to twice its size, DNA, the genetic material replicates and then the cell divides into two like cells which share the same genotype as the parent cell. The two newly formed cells are called the daughter cells as they receive one copy of each replicated DNA. Since the two daughter cells are genetically similar they are referred as clones. Cells descending from the parent cell form a mass of cells on the solid surface, agar plates and are known as colony. The colony is derived from a single cell and this is referred as colony forming unit (CFU) (Stanier, 1986). The cell divides into two new cells and then these two cells give rise to four new cells which eventuall y divides to form eight cells establishing a mathematical series called 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,... which can be expressed as 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,...with a base of 2. Such series is called the exponential series and the growth curve obtained displaying bacterial growth is called exponential growth curve highlighting the fact that bacterial population increases rapidly and possess short generation time equivalent to 30 minutes. With such a rapid pace of cell division the population of bacteria grows two fold in one hour and 16 fold in mere two hours. If the trend continues the population may attain trillion fold, but there is a check mechanism that limits the bacterial growth. Thus, instead of a constant steady rise in the population of bacterial cells, the bacterial growth curve displays four phases- A. The lag phase- It is the primary phase after the bacterial cells are inoculated in the growth medium. In this phase the bacterial cells do not divide, instead they prepare themselves w ith high metabolic rate for the cell division. If the nutrients are sufficient to support the growth and cellular requirements, the lag phase may be short. If the medium of inoculation is poor in nutrient requirement of the cell the time taken by the cells to prepare themselves to onset cell division, the cells are required to produce amino acids and vitamins, the bacterial growth displays long lag phase; as after active metabolism only the cells begin DNA replication. This is a preparatory step for the second phase of growth (Stanier, 1986). B. The log or the exponential phase of growth- In this phase the cells display rapid cell division. The time taken by the cells to produce daughter cells is regarded as the generation time. This phase is depicted as the steep rise in the bacterial growth. The generation time could be calculated by pointing two points on the straight line and calculating the time required to attain the same. However, the generation time depends on various factor s encompassing the organism, the growth medium as well the given temperature. Thus generation time varies between different bacterial species. Estimations reveal that fastest growing organisms have generation time of 15- 20 min under optimal growth provisions (Stanier, 1986). C. The stationary phase- in this phase the metabolism slows down and cells cease rapid cell division. Cells display declining metabolism as well as the rapid pace of cell division also reduces. Stationary phase is initiated by the altered

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Field Experience report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Field Experience report - Assignment Example Visiting Smithsonian Air and Space Museum may be a profitable affair to school boys and girls of different grades and in the process of studying a large number of subjects. In present days Smithsonian Air and Space Museum preserves a big number of showpieces, what have been mentioned above. To the quantity of these artifacts we may append â€Å"historic aircraft and space artifacts† and also â€Å"engines, rockets, uniforms, spacesuits, balloons, artwork, documents, manuscripts, and photographs† (Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, 2014). Any child while observing such variety of showpieces intended to visit this place one more time. It should be admitted that visiting Smithsonian Air and Space Museum will be rather useful and curious for the High School children that acquire the 8 Grade in their schools. The matter is that pupils have 13-14 years old in that time, and in such case they are able to percept the information and represented artifacts in serious dimension. Museum under investigation introduce artifacts that bear serious information, and smaller children may not understand all significance of presented ideas. It is the fact that cannot be claimed about pupils of the 8 Grade, as at that time they make first steps on the road of adult life. That is why my position represents the concept that visiting such serious place will be interesting and useful for High School children. The subject that is chosen is considered to be History. Smithsonian Air and Space Museum contains artifacts and documents that may provide a helping hand for students in the space of historical evidences. This museum represents â€Å"the collection of rare and historically significant aircraft and spacecrafts† that may seem to be useful and relevant materials for students who are interested in the history of USA (Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, 2014). Moreover, for those students who

Democratic Unionist Party: History and Ideology

Democratic Unionist Party: History and Ideology James Montgomery Part A Democratic Unionist Party The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is the larger of the two main unionist political parties in Northern Ireland. Founded by Ian Paisley and currently led by Peter Robinson, it is currently the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. As well as being the largest party in Northern Ireland, they are also currently holding eight seats at Westminster and 38 seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly. It also has one seat in the European Parliament, where its MEP, Diane Dodds, sits as a Non-Inscrit. History of the Democratic Unionist Party The party was established in 1971 by Ian Paisley and Desmond Boal and other members of the Protestant Unionist Party. Since its foundation it has won seats at local council, province, national and European level. It won eight seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly of 1973-1974, where it opposed the formation of a power-sharing executive made up of unionists and nationalists following the Sunningdale Agreement. The establishment of this political party arguably stemmed from insecurities of the Protestant working class. The Ulster Unionist Party and the DUP took increasingly divergent stances in multiparty talks in the mid-1990s, and the DUP boycotted the talks when Sinn Fà ©in was admitted in 1997. The product of the talks, the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (Belfast Agreement) on steps leading to a new power-sharing government in Northern Ireland, was rejected by the DUP, which denounced the new Northern Ireland Assembly as a dilution of British sovereignty and objected to the inclusion of Sinn Fà ©in in the assembly and the new executive body (the Northern Ireland Executive Committee) and to the release of paramilitary prisoners. Paisley was then elected as one of Northern Irelands three European Parliament members at the first elections in 1979 and retained that seat in every European election until 2004. In 2004 Paisley was replaced as the DUP MEP by Jim Allister, who resigned from the party in 2007 while retaining his seat. It has long been the principal rival to the other major unionist party, the Ulster Unionist Party (known for a time in the 1970s and 1980s as the Official Unionist Party (OUP) to distinguish it from the then multitude of other unionist parties, some set up by deposed former leaders). However, the DUPs main rivals are currently Sinn Fà ©in. Ideology The DUP describes itself as â€Å"right wing in the sense of being strong on the constitution,† but â€Å"to the left on social policies,† though it has regularly adopted conservative positions on most social issues. Its constituency spans rural communities in Northern Ireland and inner-city working-class areas and includes some deeply religious groups, a fact that reflects the fundamentalism and anti-Catholicism of the party’s leader. The DUP staunchly supports union with Britain. Citing the territorial claims in the Irish constitution, which the party viewed as illegal and a threat to the security and religious freedom of Protestants in Northern Ireland, the DUP traditionally avoided all contact with the Irish government. In the early 21st century, however, the party moderated its stance on a number of issues, most notably its long-time opposition to Sinn Fà ©in’s participation in any power-sharing institution. Democratic Unionist Party Policies Housing The case for investment in housing is a compelling one. House building has a hugely positive impact upon the local economy, creating and sustaining jobs not just in the construction sector, but also in professional services and retail. A safe, secure and warm home also produces health and educational benefits. The DUP say they would seek to: â€Å"Examine how a single regulator for the whole housing sector could be created† I actually disagree with this policy as I believe multiple regulators would be rather more successful and fortuitous in the long term. I don’t see any benefits from having just a single regulating group for this sector. Wouldn’t the roles and responsibilities be better carried out and completed if they were given to individual specialists? â€Å"Seek to extend the programme of installing carbon monoxide monitors in social homes† As recent building regulations in Northern Ireland dictate, all new homes must be built with carbon monoxide alarms, due to the large number of fatalities that the poisonous gas is causing, especially in Northern Ireland. The DUP have made this a policy of theirs which will either stricken the regulations or expand them, ensuring every household with in â€Å"x† number of years has at least one. This policy could only be seen as a positive and really a necessity. â€Å"Engage with telecommunications companies with a view to developing a roll out programme to provide affordable broadband access in social housing† â€Å"Assist first time buyers including through a graduate home loan scheme for those with degrees in subjects crucial to improving our economy such as STEM, finance and business† Environment The DUP’s environmental policy places emphasis on promoting renewable energy, reducing pollution and preserving the Province’s countryside and wildlife. As well as the DUP saying they plan for Northern Ireland to reach a carbon neutral state they also mention that that their ministers would seek to: Aim to secure 40% of our energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020, assisting small scale renewable energy generation, ensuring simplified processes to secure approval for renewable projects, publishing a Northern Ireland Offshore Renewable Energy Strategy and seeking to establish the Province as a renewable manufacturing hub â€Å"Support Research and Development in renewable and low carbon technologies† â€Å"Increase the number of schools involved in the Eco-Schools programme† â€Å"Promote low energy lighting and fittings in public buildings† Planning The DUP aims to improve quality of life across the Province through measures that will empower communities to help themselves, assist the most disadvantaged people whilst also in the process of regenerating urban areas. They also point out that just one poorly maintained property can drag an entire estate or area down so they claim that they will explore means for agencies to carry out any necessary work and be compensated retrospectively when individuals persistently fail to maintain acceptable standards. They also plan on: Working with housing associations to scope out the potential to enhance their role in developing affordable housing and regenerating communities, whilst seeking to achieve optimum efficiency through consolidation and procurement Economic The last Programme for Government prioritised the economy. The DUP say that they will pursue the same approach over the current Assembly term, as they seek to assist the Province to emerge strongly from the recession. The DUP also say that they will have the economy and employment as two of their key priorities for the incoming four years, as they claim they will focus on: â€Å"Seek to increase exports by 50% over the next decade by supporting first-time exporters and assisting companies to diversify into new markets† â€Å"Seek to increase exports by 50% over the next decade by supporting first-time exporters and assisting companies to diversify into new markets† â€Å"Encourage firms from the Far East and elsewhere to locate European bases in Northern Ireland† â€Å"Offer student loan relief for individuals who commit to working in the Province for ten years† â€Å"Maximise benefits from the significant capital investment in tourism, particularly in 2012 with the Titanic and Ulster Covenant anniversaries and the opening of a new Giant’s Causeway Visitor Centre, and Londonderry’s Year as the UK’s City of Culture in 2013†

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Essays Papers

Heart of Darkness I had read this story once before when I was a freshman at a branch campus of Penn State called Behrend. I read it for a literature class dealing with short stories and their analyzation. I didn’t really like the story back then, and it really hasn’t moved-up any spots on my list of favorites. Although I really didn’t care for the story, I did notice quite a bit of symbolism throughout the book. Conrad seemed to use black and white as his main source of color symbolism. Just as in the old westerns, white is good and black is bad. One instance in which you could see this is the many times that Conrad speaks of the white souls of the black people and the black souls of the white people that exploit them. The old ladies in the Belgian office sat there and knitted black wool, symbolizing the dark fate and tragedy that were to follow. You can find many, many other examples of the usage of black and white to symbolize feelings and emotions, as well as a few other colors. There are also some objects that Conrad uses to create a symbolism. Take, for example, the stick of wax that the manager breaks while he is talking about Kurtz. I don’t know, but if you ask me the manager wishes that the wax actually was Kurtz. I think that the oil painting that was done by Kurtz shows that he was completely aware of what was going on and what he was getting himself into. I also noticed that grass was mentioned a lot in the story. I remember from my class at Behrend that the professor mentioned that Conrad liked to include a lot of references to Biblical scripture in his works. I can’t remember what it was supposed to mean, but I think that the grass has something to do with the Bible. Well, even though this wasn’t the greatest book that I have ever read, there were a lot of interesting things that it gave me to think about. The question was posed in class on Tuesday...What kind of leader would you be if you could make all of the rules You know, the longer that I sit here and think about that question the more that I think I would be horrible. Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness :: Essays Papers Heart of Darkness I had read this story once before when I was a freshman at a branch campus of Penn State called Behrend. I read it for a literature class dealing with short stories and their analyzation. I didn’t really like the story back then, and it really hasn’t moved-up any spots on my list of favorites. Although I really didn’t care for the story, I did notice quite a bit of symbolism throughout the book. Conrad seemed to use black and white as his main source of color symbolism. Just as in the old westerns, white is good and black is bad. One instance in which you could see this is the many times that Conrad speaks of the white souls of the black people and the black souls of the white people that exploit them. The old ladies in the Belgian office sat there and knitted black wool, symbolizing the dark fate and tragedy that were to follow. You can find many, many other examples of the usage of black and white to symbolize feelings and emotions, as well as a few other colors. There are also some objects that Conrad uses to create a symbolism. Take, for example, the stick of wax that the manager breaks while he is talking about Kurtz. I don’t know, but if you ask me the manager wishes that the wax actually was Kurtz. I think that the oil painting that was done by Kurtz shows that he was completely aware of what was going on and what he was getting himself into. I also noticed that grass was mentioned a lot in the story. I remember from my class at Behrend that the professor mentioned that Conrad liked to include a lot of references to Biblical scripture in his works. I can’t remember what it was supposed to mean, but I think that the grass has something to do with the Bible. Well, even though this wasn’t the greatest book that I have ever read, there were a lot of interesting things that it gave me to think about. The question was posed in class on Tuesday...What kind of leader would you be if you could make all of the rules You know, the longer that I sit here and think about that question the more that I think I would be horrible.